Improvement in roofing compositions



other surface will not tear it.

UNITED STATES PATENT Erica.

JOHN B. W'ANDS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT IN ROOFING COMPUSiTlONS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. $2,853, dated July 721, 1857.

To all whom it may concern:

Be'it known that I, JOHN B.WANDS, of the city of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and Improved Mineral-(lenient Roofing for Houses and other Buildings; and 1 do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

The nature of my invention consists in the combination of the several ingredients as hereinafter mentioned.

To enable a party not skilled in putting on my roofing to do so properly and to manufacture the same, I make the following explanations:

First. To manufacture the cement: For one square foot of roof, gutter, sewer, or other surface to be covered use the following ingredients, and in the quantities hereinafter set forth: one square foot of cotton cloth, one (1) pintof coaltar, one (1) pint of clean sand, one (1) gill residuary gum, (being the gum or refuse from star candles, so called,) one-half of an ounce of litharge, one (1) ounce water-lime cement, one (1) ounce of quicklime, and onehalf of an ounce of resin. Two coats are to be applied to the surface prepared to be covered. For the first coat mix and treat the ingredients and combination as follows: Take all the residuary gum,- one-half of the coal-tar, one-half of the resin, and one-half of'the litharge. Mix the same, and boil together'slowly for one hour, Having mixed the ingredients as above, cover the seams or cracks in the boards or the roof or other surface with hardware-paper, cut in strips about two inches wide, tacked or cemented at one edge only in order that the shrinkage of the roof-boards or In order to prevent leakage through the seams of the roofboards while applying the cement, which is usually done while hot, and at the same time to protect and strengthen the roofing, cover the whole roof or other surface after having put on the paper, as aforesaid, with common cotton cloth, well tacked down and lapped over about an inch at the edges, and carried up the side walls, chimneys, 830., about three inches, so that the application shall be perfect at the edges. This being done, apply the mixture or cement, mixed and prepared as above, to the cloth on the roof with a large whitewash-brush or similar instrument the quantity of sand-water, cement, and quicklime, well mixed and dried and warm at the time it is applied, and sow or scatter the same over the root or other surface, being careful to sow or scatter all that the previous application will absorb or hold in combination, after which take the remaining coal-tar, resin, and litharge and boil together in the same manner as in former, and first coat and apply immediately, in same manner as for first coat, hot or warm, according to the temperature of the weather at the time of applying. Then sow or scatter the remaining sand, water-lime cement, and quicklime in such quantity as will be held in combination or absorbed. 1n the course of a few days, by the action of the weather, it becomes set, and will not melt or crack by the heat of the sun or by frost, and it is impervious to both fire and water.

\Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination of the various ingredients in the proportions hereinbefore set forth.

JOHN B. WANDS. [1,. s] Witnesses:

F. D. OWEN, O. L. JENKS.

Then take one half 

